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1-Minute Observations API Variables

Note: Not all variables are available at all stations. The variables returned depend on the sensor equipment installed at each specific location.

These variables are returned in the JSON and CF-JSON response payloads for weather stations and sensors.

airtemp_01hrmax​

Air temperature maximum over last hour.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

airtemp_01hrmin​

Air temperature minimum over last hour.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.60

airtemp_01mnavg​

Air temperature averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.600

cld1amt_30mnavg​

Cloud area fraction of lowest cloud layer averaged over 30 minutes.

  • Unit: okta
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 4

cld1hgt_30mnavg​

Base height of lowest cloud layer averaged over 30 minutes.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1500

cld2amt_30mnavg​

Cloud area fraction of second lowest cloud layer averaged over 30 minutes.

  • Unit: okta
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 4

cld2hgt_30mnavg​

Base height of second lowest cloud layer averaged over 30 minutes.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1500

cld3amt_30mnavg​

Base height of third lowest cloud layer averaged over 30 minutes.

  • Unit: okta
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 4

cld3hgt_30mnavg​

Cloud layer 3 base height averaged over 30 minutes.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1500

dewtemp_01mnavg​

Dew point temperature averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

earth05_01mnavg​

Soil temperature at depth of 5cm averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

earth10_01mnavg​

Soil temperature at depth of 10cm averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

earth1m_01mnavg​

Soil temperature at depth of 1m averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

earth20_01mnavg​

Soil temperature at depth of 20cm averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

earth50_01mnavg​

Soil temperature at depth of 50cm averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

latitude​

Latitude.

  • Unit: degrees_north
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: -36.8485

level​

Level. Meters above Mean Sea Level (WGS84) or negative depth for ocean observations.

  • Unit: meters
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

longitude​

Longitude.

  • Unit: degrees_west
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 174.7633

power_v_01mnavg​

Station power supply voltage averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: Volts
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.6

presmsl_01hrmax​

Air pressure at mean sea level maximum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

presmsl_01hrmin​

Air pressure at mean sea level minimum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

presmsl_01mnavg​

Air pressure at mean sea level averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

presqfe_01hrmax​

Air pressure at QFE maximum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

presqfe_01hrmin​

Air pressure at QFE minimum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

presqfe_01mnavg​

Air pressure at QFE averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

presqnh_01hrmax​

Air pressure at QNH maximum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

presqnh_01hrmin​

Air pressure at QNH minimum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

presqnh_01mnavg​

Air pressure at QNH averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

pressen_01hrchg​

Change in air pressure at sensor over 1 hour.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: -0.8

pressen_01hrmax​

Air pressure at sensor maximum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

pressen_01hrmin​

Air pressure at sensor minimum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

pressen_01mnavg​

Air pressure at sensor averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: hPa
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1013.2

prwxnum_15mnavg​

Present weather synop code for last 15 minutes.

  • Unit: (None)
  • Type: string
  • Example: "61"

prwxst1_15mnavg​

Present weather METAR code for last 15 minutes from report 1.

  • Unit: (None)
  • Type: string
  • Example: "-RA"

prwxst2_15mnavg​

Present weather METAR code for last 15 minutes from report 2.

  • Unit: (None)
  • Type: string
  • Example: "-RA"

rainfal_01hracc​

Precipitation thickness accumulated over 1 hour.

  • Unit: mm
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 0.20

rainfal_01hrmax​

Maximum over 1 hour of precipitation thickness accumulated over 1 minute.

  • Unit: mm
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 0.20

rainfal_01mnacc​

Precipitation thickness accumulated over 1 minute.

  • Unit: mm
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 0.20

rainfal_10mnacc​

Precipitation thickness accumulated over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: mm
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 0.20

rainfal_10mnmax​

Maximum over 10 minutes of precipitation thickness accumulated over 1 minute.

  • Unit: mm
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 0.20

relhumd_01hrmax​

Relative humidity maximum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: percent
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 78.5

relhumd_01hrmin​

Relative humidity minimum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: percent
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 78.5

relhumd_01mnavg​

Relative humidity averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: percent
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 78.5

road_fz_01mnavg​

Water freezing point on road surface averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

road_t1_01mnavg​

Air temperature at 5 cm above road averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

road_t1_10mnavg​

Air temperature at 5 cm above road averaged over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

road_t2_01mnavg​

Air temperature at 30 cm above road averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

road_t2_10mnavg​

Air temperature at 30 cm above road averaged over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

road_t3_01mnavg​

Sensor internal temperature ~2 cm averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

road_t3_10mnavg​

Sensor internal temperature ~2 cm averaged over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.6

roadbki_01mnavg​

Road black Ice sensor frequency averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: Hz
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

roadcdn_01mnavg​

Road condition - numeric (1 minute average).

  • Unit: (None)
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 10

roadcvy_01mnavg​

Road electrical conductivity averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: (None)
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

roadflm_01mnavg​

Road water film height averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: mm
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

roadflm_10mnavg​

Road water film height averaged over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: mm
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

roadfrt_01mnavg​

Road normalised friction/grip averaged 1 minute.

  • Unit: 0-1
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

roadlfp_01mnavg​

Liquidus temperature on the surface of the road averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

roadsal_01mnavg​

Road salt concentration averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: percent
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 78.5

roadssg_01mnavg​

Road surface signal averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: (None)
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

roadsst_01mnavg​

Road surface status averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: (None)
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

roadtxt_01mnavg​

Road condition - text (1 minute average).

  • Unit: (None)
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: "Dry"

sfctemp_01hrmin​

Surface temperature of grass or road surface minimum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.60

sfctemp_01mnavg​

Surface temperature of grass or road surface averaged over 1 hour.

  • Unit: degC
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 15.60

snowdep_01mnavg​

Snow depth at surface averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 0.1

soilwet_01mnavg​

Volumetric soil moisture content averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: percent
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 78.5

solradn_01hracc​

Solar irradiance intergrated over 1 hour.

  • Unit: MJ.m^-2
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 450.000

solradn_01mnacc​

Solar irradiance intergrated over 1 minute.

  • Unit: MJ.m^-2
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 450.000

solradn_01mnavg​

Solar irradiance averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: W.m^-2
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 450.000

solradn_10mnacc​

Solar irradiance integrated over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: MJ.m^-2
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 450

stn_magneticdev​

Station magnetic deviation. Magnetic deviation (degrees East of True North).

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

stn_rnwayabvmsl​

Runway height above mean sea level.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

time​

time.

  • Unit: ISO8601 timestamps
  • Type: string
  • Example: "2026-06-08T11:47:51Z"

visibil_01mnavg​

Visibility in air averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: km
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 10.00

visibil_10mnavg​

Visibility in air averaged over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: km
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 10.00

windccw_01hrmax​

Maximum of wind direction counterclockwise deviation over 1 hour.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

windccw_01mnmax​

Wind counterclockwise true direction (1 minute maximum).

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240

windccw_10mnmax​

Maximum of wind direction counterclockwise deviation over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

windccw_1mnmax​

Maximum of wind direction counterclockwise deviation over 1 minute.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

windcw__01hrmax​

Maximum of wind direction clockwise deviation over 1 hour.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

windcw__01mnmax​

Maximum of wind direction clockwise deviation over 1 minute.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

windcw__10mnmax​

Maximum of wind direction clockwise deviation over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

winddir_01hravg​

Wind from direction averaged over 1 hour.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

winddir_01mnavg​

Wind from direction averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

winddir_10mnavg​

Wind from direction averaged over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

windgst_01hrdir​

Wind from direction at wind speed of gust maximum over 1 hour.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

windgst_01hrmax​

Maximum wind gust speed over 1 hour.

  • Unit: knot
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.50

windgst_01hrtim​

Maximum wind gust time over 1 hour.

  • Unit: utc
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 13

windgst_01mnmax​

Wind gust speed maximum over 1 minute.

  • Unit: knot
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.50

windgst_10mnmax​

Wind gust speed maximum over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: knot
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.50

windlul_01mnmin​

Wind lull speed minimum over 1 minute.

  • Unit: knot
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.50

windlul_10mnmin​

Wind lull speed minimum over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: knot
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.50

windrun_01hracc​

Wind run accumulated over 1 hour.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1250.500

windspd_01hravg​

Wind speed averaged over 1 hour.

  • Unit: knot
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.50

windspd_01mnavg​

Wind speed averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: knot
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.50

windspd_10mnavg​

Wind speed averaged over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: knot
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.50

wndccwm_01hrmax​

Maximum wind counterclockwise magnetic direction deviation over 1 hour.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

wndccwm_01mnmax​

Maximum wind counterclockwise magnetic direction deviation over 1 minute.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

wndccwm_10mnmax​

Maximum wind counterclockwise magnetic direction deviation over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

wndcwm__01hrmax​

Maximum wind clockwise magnetic direction deviation over 1 hour.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

wndcwm__01mnmax​

Maximum wind clockwise magnetic direction deviation over 1 minute.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

wndcwm__10mnmax​

Maximum wind clockwise magnetic direction deviation over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 12.5

wnddirm_01hravg​

Magnetic direction of wind averaged over 1 hour.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

wnddirm_01mnavg​

Magnetic direction of wind averaged over 1 minute.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

wnddirm_10mnavg​

Magnetic direction of wind averaged over 10 minutes.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

wndgstm_01hrdir​

Magnetic direction of wind at time of maximum wind gust speed over 1 hour period.

  • Unit: deg
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 240.0

wv10pht_xxmnavg​

Mean of top 10% wave heigh from zero crossing analysis.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1.80

wvmaxht_xxmnmax​

Maximum wave height of wind and swell waves.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1.80

wvpk1ht_xxmnavg​

Sea surface wave height from the highest peak in the 1D energy spectrum.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1.80

wvpk1pd_xxmnavg​

Sea surface wave period at highest peak of 1D spectrum.

  • Unit: second
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 8.5

wvpk2ht_xxmnavg​

Sea surface wave height from the second highest peak in the 1D energy spectrum.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1.80

wvpk2pd_xxmnavg​

Sea surface wave period at 2nd highest peak of 1D spectrum.

  • Unit: second
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 8.5

wvsight_xxmnavg​

Sea surface significant wave height from the full spectrum.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1.80

wvsigpd_xxmnavg​

Sea surface significant wave period from the full spectrum.

  • Unit: second
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 8.5

wvspect_xxmnavg​

Duration of the water height record used for the spectral analysis.

  • Unit: minute
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1.80

wvsplvl_xxmnavg​

Mean water height with respect to datum from record used in wave spectral analysis.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1.80

wvspwid_xxmnper​

Spectral width. Spectral width: 0.

  • Unit: ratio
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1.80

wvtradn_xxmnper​

Duration of the water height record used for the zero crossing analysis.

  • Unit: minute
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1.8

wvtrlvl_xxmnavg​

Mean water height with respect to datum from record used in wave zero crossing analysis.

  • Unit: m
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 1.80

wvzrxpd_xxmnavg​

Zero crossing mean wave period.

  • Unit: second
  • Type: number (float)
  • Example: 8.5